In gemology, which term is used to indicate a quality that affects the visual appearance of gems?

The term that encompasses qualities affecting the visual appearance of gems includes clarity, color, and cut. Each of these characteristics plays a significant role in how a gemstone is perceived.

Clarity refers to the presence of internal or external flaws, known as inclusions and blemishes, respectively. These imperfections can impact how light interacts with the gem, thus influencing its overall visual appeal.

Color is crucial as it describes the hue, saturation, and tone of the gem. Color can evoke emotional responses and is often a primary factor in the selection of a gemstone for jewelry, as it directly affects desirability.

Cut refers to how well a gemstone has been shaped and faceted. This quality affects not only the stone's proportions but also its brilliance, fire, and scintillation. A well-cut gem will reflect light beautifully, enhancing its overall appearance.

Therefore, since clarity, color, and cut are all integral to the visual perception of gemstones, the correct answer encompasses all of these qualities.