Which type of bond involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms?

The correct answer is the covalent bond, as it specifically describes the type of bond that involves the sharing of electron pairs between atoms. In a covalent bond, two atoms come together and share one or more pairs of electrons, allowing each atom to attain a full outer shell, which leads to greater stability. This sharing can occur in various ways, resulting in single, double, or even triple bonds, depending on the number of electron pairs shared.

In contrast, an ionic bond involves the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating charged ions that attract each other due to electrostatic forces. A hydrogen bond is a weaker interaction often involving a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a more electronegative atom, which can lead to attractions between molecules rather than direct electron sharing. A metallic bond, on the other hand, is characterized by a 'sea of electrons' that are shared among a lattice of metal atoms, which is different from the direct electron pairs shared in a covalent bond. Understanding these distinctions helps clarify why the covalent bond is the answer that reflects the sharing of electron pairs.